Objective: Neuromodulation techniques represent an emerging approach in rehabilitation medicine. This study aimed to explore the multi-dimensional constraints hindering their implementation in community hospitals, as well as their potential advantages, limitations, and strategic recommendations for broader adoption.

Methods: Using a purposeful sampling method, six community hospitals with demonstration-level rehabilitation centers in Xuhui District, Shanghai, were selected between June 2024 and December 2024. A mixed-methods design was employed, including questionnaires administered to rehabilitation department heads and medical staff (n = 64), along with in-depth individual interviews (9 managers and 6 rehabilitation therapy teams). This approach systematically evaluated the current status of neuromodulation technology adoption and its influencing factors in community healthcare settings.

Results: Key findings revealed a critical shortage of certified rehabilitation physicians (23.8% of total rehabilitation department physicians). Questionnaire-based scoring (x±s) highlighted three major barriers for the implementation of neuromodulation techniques in community healthcare centers: high financial burden of equipment (7.50±2.34; top 1), technical complexity of operations (6.75±2.47; top 2), and insufficient healthcare policy support (6.64±2.80; top 3).

Conclusion: The application of neuromodulation techniques in community-based rehabilitation faces significant challenges. To address these, efforts should be made to strengthen the workforce and professional training in the department of rehabilitation medicine in community hospitals. It is recommended to establish a systematic continuing education program in rehabilitation medicine to enhance healthcare personnel's professional competence and sense of recognition. Additionally, enhanced policy support, centralized procurement of equipment, and tiered resource allocation are essential to reduce economic barriers. These strategies may facilitate the integration of neuromodulation technologies into community healthcare, ultimately improving rehabilitation service quality and patient outcomes.