The prevalence of late-life depression (LLD) among people over 60 years old worldwide is as high as 28.4%, and the incidence rate of LLD in China is 31.21%. Its clinical manifestations are mainly physical symptoms and cognitive impairment, which are easily misdiagnosed as physical diseases. Neuroimaging studies have revealed that the pathological mechanism of LLD is closely related to abnormal brain structure and function, including reduced gray matter volume in brain regions such as the prefrontal lobe and hippocampus, excessive activation of the default mode network (DMN), and weakened connections of the executive control network. These findings provide targets for neuroregulation therapy. The response rate of traditional antidepressant drugs is only 50%, and some have cardiovascular and cognitive risks. However, non-invasive neuroregulation techniques have shown significant potential. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has a remission rate of over 50% for severe patients, but it has obvious cognitive side effects. Magnetic seizure therapy achieves focal epileptic seizures through precise magnetic field stimulation, with efficacy comparable to that of ECT and less cognitive impact. Bilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and deep TMS(dTMS) are recommended as first-line regimens. Transcranial direct current stimulation is suitable for patients with mild to moderate conditions due to its high safety. In the future, it is necessary to optimize individualized parameters by integrating multi-modal assessment, explore combined therapies and telemedicine applications, in order to improve the diagnosis and treatment effect of LLD.