血管性认知障碍（vascular cognitive impairment，VCI）是指由于脑血管疾病损伤脑组织而导致的以认知功能障碍为主要表现的临床综合征，其病因复杂多样，包括基础疾病、遗传、免疫及环境因素等多方面。VCI大多数呈慢性、隐袭性、进展性起病，涉及多个临床阶段，目前现代医学多针对单一病因进行治疗，在脑卒中防治方面的研究较多。临床上应遵循现代医学的方法，控制可控危险因素，及早干预和治疗，从而达到较好的一级或二级预防效果，延缓疾病进展。针对VCI的认知损伤，目前现代医学还未发现可以有效治疗的药物，而在中医古籍中有相应病证的治疗方案，因此在西医基础治疗的同时联合中医药防治本病已成为目前研究的热点。本文旨在通过整理古代中医文献记录的对VCI的预防措施，同时结合现代医学方法，探索预防VCI的新方向，为临床实践提供参考。

Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) refers to a clinical syndrome primarily characterized by cognitive dysfunction caused by damage to brain tissue due to cerebrovascular disease. Its etiology is complex and diverse, encompassing underlying diseases, genetics, immunology, environmental factors, and other aspects. Most cases of VCI exhibit a chronic, insidious, and progressive onset, involving multiple clinical stages. Currently, modern medicine primarily focuses on treating individual etiologies, with considerable research on stroke prevention and treatment. Clinically, it is advisable to follow modern medical methods, control controllable risk factors, and intervene and treat early to achieve better primary or secondary prevention effects and delay disease progression. Regarding the cognitive impairment associated with VCI, modern medicine has not yet discovered effective therapeutic drugs. However, ancient Chinese medical texts contain treatment plans for corresponding conditions. Therefore, combining basic western medical treatment with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the prevention and treatment of this disease has become a current research hotspot. This paper aims to explore the advancements in the prevention of VCI by collating preventive measures for VCI in ancient Chinese medical literature and combining them with modern medical methods, providing a reference for clinical practice.