目的：神经调控技术是一种新兴的康复治疗方法，本研究旨在探讨其在社区医院推广中所面临的多维制约因素，并提出相应的策略建议。

方法：采用立意抽样法，于2024年6～12月在上海市徐汇区抽取6家社区医院示范性康复中心，分别对各康复医学科负责人及康复医务工作者进行问卷调查（64份）与个人深入访谈（9名管理者＋6个康复治疗小组），系统评估上海市徐汇区社区医疗机构的神经调控技术使用现况及其可能的影响因素。

结果：本研究调查发现社区医院康复执业医师人数较少（占康复科医师总人数的23.8%）；问卷评分结果显示设备经济负担重（评分为7.50±2.34）、操作技术要求高（评分为6.75±2.47）以及医保政策支持不足（评分为6.64±2.80）为神经调控技术在社区医院推广的前3位主要制约因素。

结论：神经调控技术在社区康复的应用中存在诸多挑战，应加强社区医院康复医学科人才队伍建设和专业培训，建议通过建立系统化的康复医学继续教育体系，以提升医务人员的专业能力和认同感。此外，应加强对神经调控技术的政策支持，推动设备的集中采购与分级配置，以降低技术推广的经济门槛。这些举措有望促进神经调控技术在社区医院的应用，从而提升整体康复服务水平和患者的生活质量。

Objective: Neuromodulation techniques represent an emerging approach in rehabilitation medicine. This study aimed to explore the multi-dimensional constraints hindering their implementation in community hospitals, as well as their potential advantages, limitations, and strategic recommendations for broader adoption.

Methods: Using a purposeful sampling method, six community hospitals with demonstration-level rehabilitation centers in Xuhui District, Shanghai, were selected between June 2024 and December 2024. A mixed-methods design was employed, including questionnaires administered to rehabilitation department heads and medical staff (n = 64), along with in-depth individual interviews (9 managers and 6 rehabilitation therapy teams). This approach systematically evaluated the current status of neuromodulation technology adoption and its influencing factors in community healthcare settings.

Results: Key findings revealed a critical shortage of certified rehabilitation physicians (23.8% of total rehabilitation department physicians). Questionnaire-based scoring (x±s) highlighted three major barriers for the implementation of neuromodulation techniques in community healthcare centers: high financial burden of equipment (7.50±2.34; top 1), technical complexity of operations (6.75±2.47; top 2), and insufficient healthcare policy support (6.64±2.80; top 3).

Conclusion: The application of neuromodulation techniques in community-based rehabilitation faces significant challenges. To address these, efforts should be made to strengthen the workforce and professional training in the department of rehabilitation medicine in community hospitals. It is recommended to establish a systematic continuing education program in rehabilitation medicine to enhance healthcare personnel's professional competence and sense of recognition. Additionally, enhanced policy support, centralized procurement of equipment, and tiered resource allocation are essential to reduce economic barriers. These strategies may facilitate the integration of neuromodulation technologies into community healthcare, ultimately improving rehabilitation service quality and patient outcomes.