肿瘤神经病学（onco-neurology）是一门新兴的多学科交叉亚专科，专注于研究肿瘤本身及其治疗过程对神经系统的间接影响。该学科的核心在于揭示肿瘤通过非转移性机制引发神经功能障碍的复杂病理生理过程。上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院神经内科与肿瘤科在肿瘤神经病学的临床专科实践中积累了丰富经验，通过多学科协作模式，为肿瘤神经系统并发症患者提供全面且个性化的医疗照护。本文首次提出肿瘤神经病学的概念，并对其分类、诊断和治疗要点进行阐述，旨在从学术角度建立肿瘤学与神经病学的有机交叉点，为临床实践中提升肿瘤治疗效果、减少神经系统相关不良反应提供理论引导与实践指导，最终改善肿瘤患者的生活质量和生存预后。

Onco-neurology is an emerging multi-disciplinary sub-specialty dedicated to the study of the indirect effects of tumors and their therapeutic processes on the nervous system. Its core lies in elucidating the complex pathophysiological mechanisms by which tumors induce neurological dysfunction through non-metastatic mechanisms. The Neurology and Oncology Departments of Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, have accumulated extensive experience in the clinical practice of onco-neurology, providing comprehensive and personalized medical care to patients with oncological neurological complications through a multi-disciplinary collaboration model. This article, for the first time, introduces the concept of onco-neurology and elaborates on its classification, diagnosis, and treatment essentials. It aims to establish an organic intersection between oncology and neurology from an academic perspective, providing theoretical guidance and practical instructions for enhancing the efficacy of tumor treatment and reducing nervous system-related adverse effects in clinical practice, ultimately improving tumor patients' quality of life and survival outcomes.