住院医师规范化培训是神经病学专业医师教育的关键阶段。神经病学作为理论深厚、多学科交叉的临床学科，不仅需要传授专业知识和技能，更要培养医师的职业精神、人文素质和伦理规范。基于教育部课程思政建设要求，本文提出“病症—思政—场景”三维案例矩阵及“三维四步”教学模型，将临床场景作为课程思政教学的第三维度，较传统二维教学更具高度、深度、力度和温度。通过情境模拟、角色扮演和案例讨论等方法，将思政教育有机融入神经病学专业教学全过程。该模式旨在提高住院医师的伦理敏感度、沟通技巧和临床决策能力，以案导学，强化医学专业课程的思政育人功能，实现专业教育与思政教育的深度融合。

Standardized residency training is one of the most crucial stages in the continuing education of neurology physicians, closely tied to the professional conduct of physicians. Neurology, a clinical discipline based heavily on substantial theoretical knowledge and multidisciplinary integration, requires the teaching process to not only impart essential professional knowledge and skills but also to focus on developing physicians' professionalism, advanced medical skills, humanistic qualities, and strict adherence to medical ethics. Based on the basic requirements set by the Ministry of Education for the construction of ideological and political courses, we boldly propose a "disease-political education-scenario" three-dimensional case matrix and a "three-dimensional four-step" teaching model. This approach aims to treat clinical scenarios as the third dimension of ideological and political education within courses, thereby enriching and deepening the traditional two-dimensional teaching method, making it more impact and empathetic, and allowing ideological and political education to better integrate into all aspects of neurology teaching. By employing methods such as situational simulations, role-playing, and case discussions, we aim to seamlessly incorporate ideological and political education into the entire neurology teaching process. We hope this three-dimensional case matrix can genuinely enhance residents' ethical sensitivity, communication skills, and clinical decision-making abilities. Furthermore, by learning through cases, the educational function of ideological and political elements in medical professional courses is strengthened.